Portable sander



S. MANDL EIAL PORTABLE SANDER Dec. 27, 1949 s sheets-sheet 2 Filed June18, .1945

www m INVENTORS PORTABLE SANDER 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed June 18, 1945E'.6. fg y /al 70 INVENTORS BYI77W Patented Dec. 27, 1949 PORTABLESANDER Siegmund Mandl,

Hauser, Elm Grove,

of Wisconsin immuun June 1s, 194s, serai mi. coaozo- A 12 claimt.(01.51L-ii fine Ypige.sent;invention. ates in general to improvements inthe art of dressing surfaces by abrasion, and relates more especially toimprovements in the construction and operation of reciprocatory sanding,polishing, or analogous devices for smoothing surfaces of diverseobjects by rubbing or abrasive action.

The primary object of our invention is to provide an improved portablesander Aor the like having a working surface reciprocable from a rotarysource of power, and which is simple and compact in construction,emcient in operation, and exible in its adaptations.

A It is frequently desirable in many industries, to have availablearelatively light and compact portable sanding unit operable from arelatively stationary source of ,rotary motion such as an electric orfluid pressure operated motor, and wherein the working surface israpidly reciprocable so as to produce smoothly dressed surfaces upon thework. While various types of such portable sanders have heretofore beenproposed and used commercially, none of these prior devices are entirelysatisfactory either because they are not suillciently compact forconvenient manipulation in cramped localities such as corners, orbecause they were too complicated and unreliable in operation, orbecause they produced excessive vibration and jarring which was veryannoying to the operato or because the parts of the mechanisms were notwell protected from dust and grit and could not be readily inspected orrenewed. For these reasons, most of the prior portable reciprocatorysanding aemblages have not become popular with the trade, and the use ofthese units has been rather restricted and limited.

It is therefore a more specic object of the present invention to providea new and useful portable reciprocatory sander unit especially adaptedto be operated from a xed source of rotary power,` and which definitelyovercomes all of the above mentioned objectionable features of priorapparatus of this type.

Another specific object of this invention is to provide an improvedreciprocable smoothing or polishing assemblage operable by rotary powermost effectively applied to the working shoe or element of the device,and wherein the various parts are normally well concealed and protected,

' while still being readily accessible for inspection and renewal.

A further specic object of our invention is to provide a durable,compact, and manually controllable sander, which is readily manipulablein Milwaukee, and Edward M.

Wis., assignors to Blackhawk Mfg. Co., Milwaukee, Wis., a corporationany desired direction and in corners and other limited spaces, and whichmoreover will not subthev following detailed description, and some ofthe novel features of motion transmitting and converting mechanisms,disclosed but not specifically claimed herein form the subject of otherco-pending applications.

A clear conception of the several features con- -stituting the presentimprovement. and of the mode of constructing and of manipulating aportable sanding unit embodying our invention,

may be had by referring to the drawings accompanying and forming a partof this specification wherein like reference characters designate thesame or similar parts in the various views.

Fig. 1 is a part sectional side elevation of one of the improvedportable sanding units showing the working shoe in foremost position,most of the section having been taken centrally and longitudinallythrough the unit, but a portion thereof having been taken forwardly ofthe central plane, as indicated by the line l-I of Fig. 4;

Fig. 2 is a view similar to that of Fig. 1 with a portion of themanipulating handle broken away, and showing the working shoe inrearmost position or end of its reciprocatory motion;

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary transverse section through one of the sand paperclamping or attaching devices of the sanding unit, taken along the line3-3-of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a transverse. longitudinal section through the portablesanding assemblage, taken along the line 4-4 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is another transverse longitudinal section through the sandingoutfit taken along the line 5-5 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 6 is still another transverse longitudinal section through theportable sander, taken along t the line 6-6 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 7 i's a part sectional rear end view of the sanding mechanism, thesection having been taken along the line 1-1 of Fig. 1, but showing therear sander shoe clamp in active position and the front clamping leverreleased;

Fig. 8 is an enlarged side elevation of one of asoassr 3 the improvedsander shoe clamping levers removed from the shoe;

Fig. 9 is a fragmentary view showing a modified anti-friction taperedroller; and

Fig. 10 is a fragmentary view showing an antifriction ball bearingbetween the body and base, and the reciprocable plate.

Although our invention has been shown and described herein as beingembodied in a portable sanding unit having a reciprocable sand papercarrying shoe operable by a rotary motion con verter carried by the unitand which is in turn operable from a relatively xed source of rotation,it is not our desire or intent to unnecessarily restrict or limit theutility of the improved features by virtue of this specific embodiment,since some of these features may be more generally applicable to sandingdevices driven by various types of rotary motors disposed eitherremotely from or mounted directly upon the unit.

Referring to the drawings, the improved portable sander shown therein byway of illustration, comprises in general a durable and sturdy elongatedframe or body I having therein a longitudinal central bore I I closed atone end by a wall I2 and having its opposite end provided with internalscrew threads I3; a manipulating handle I4 coacting with the upper ortop side of the body I0; a shoe supporting and guiding base I5 coactingwith the lower or bottom side of the body I0 through a gasket I6, andbeing firmly but removably attached to the body Il together with thehandle I4 by means of four screws I1; a sand paper carrying shoe I8reciprocably suspended fromthe outer lower face of the base I5 andnormally having an abrasive sheet I9 applied thereto; a flexible rotarypower shaft 2Il for delivering power to the unit through the open end ofthe body bore II through a rotarydriving member 2|; and mechanismincluding a rotary driven member 22, a reciprocable plate 23, and amotion converting element 24 and roller 25, all confined within the boreII and base I5 for converting the continuous rotary motion of the shaft20 into reciprocating movement and for constantly imparting the latterto the shoe I8.

The main frame or casing I0 has fiat parallel top and bottom facesagainst which the handle I4 and base I5 are normally firmly attached bythe screws I1, and may be provided with external ribbing as shown inFigs. 1, 2 and 7; and the inner end of the bore II is of reduceddiameter, while the outer threaded end of this bore is normally closedby a hollow removable plug 26 within which a bearing sleeve 21 for therotary driving member 2 I 'may be slidably and detachably confined bymeans of two manually releasable latches 28, 29 which are pivotallysuspended from the plug 26 and are engageable with annular grooves 30,3I

' member 2| is concealed within a exible tubular non-rotary casing 32secured to a fitting 33 which is screw threaded into an end socket ofthe normally non-rotating bearing sleeve-21, but the shaft 2l maynormally be constantly rotated by means of an electric or fluid pressureactuated motor, or from ans1 other suitable flxed source of powerassociated with the power receiving end of this shaft 20. The Oppositeinner end of the driving member 2l is provided with a polygonal drivingprojection 34 secured thereto by a shear pin 35, and the driven member22 which is rotatable within the bore II of the body I0 is provided witha rigid central tube 33 the projecting outer end of which has across-shaped socket 31 therein cooperable with the driving memberprojection 34 to provide a direct rotary motion transmitting connectionbetween the members 2I, 22.

The rotary driven member 22 is mounted for free'rotation within the bodybore II by and between spaced anti-friction end thrust resistingbearings 38, 39 one of which is located near the reduced inner end ofthe bore II and coacts with an integral central projection 40 of themember 22, and the other of which coacts with the tube 36 near thesocket 31; and the enlarged intermediate portion of the member 22 isthus prevented from shifting axially, and is provided with a taperedannular peripheral groove 4I disposed in a plane which is inclinedrelative to the common central axis of the members 2I, 22. The bearings38, 39 are normally clamped in position by means of a removable threadedbushing 42 coacting with the internal screw threads I3 of the body III,and the plug 26 is likewise norm'ally held in place by this bushing 42and another removable bushing 43 also coacting with the screw threads,and between which a ange 44 formed integral with the plug is conned. Thebushings 42, 43 are provided with end notches adapted for application ofa Spanner wrench. and may thus be inserted or removed to permitconvenient insertion and removal of the plu'g 29, bearings 33, 39, anddriven member 22 relative to the bore II. A packing 45 is preferablydisposed within the inner,

bushing 4 2 and between the bearing 39 and the inner ends of the plugA28 and bearing sleeve 21 so that the bearings 33, 39 and the rotarydriven member 22 may be conned in suitable lubricant, and a plunger pin46 slidably confined within the tubev 3S is constantly urged by acompression spring 41 toward the socket 31thereby tending to push thedriving projection 34 out of the socket and to thus interrupt thedriving connection between the members 2I, 22 at all times.

The latches 28, 29 which are formed for coaction with the grooves 30, 3Iof the bearing sleeve 21, are pivotally supported upon the plug 28 andare spring pressed toward the sleeve 21 so that when either latch isbrought'into alineV ment with an adjacent annular groove lt will snapinto the groove. 'I'he latches 23, 29 are however independently orsimultaneously manually releasable by the operator to either merelyrelease the sleeve 21 for automatic interruption of the drivingconnection between projection 34 and the socket 31 by the spring 41 andplunger 46, or to effect complete removal of the sanding unit from thebearing sleeve 21. If only the latch 28 is released, the spring 41 andplunger 46 wil1.push the projection 34 out of the socket 31, and willalso shift the bearing sleeve 21 outwardly until the latch 29 snaps intothe annular groove 3|, thus preventing this sleeve from becomingdetached from the plug 25, and permitting the driving connection betweenthe projection and socket to be quickly re-establlshed by merely pushingthe sleeve 21 back into the position shown. However, if both latches 23,29 are released, the sleeve 21 together with the driven member 2l andits driving projection 34 may be freely axially withdrawn from the plug26, and it is noteworthy' that the sanding unit may at all times befreely rotated about the longi-` tudinal axis of the bearing sleeve 21due to the annularity of the grooves 39, 3I with which the latchescoact.

The reciprocable motion transmitting plate 23 driving plug and oil sealretainer amasar is slidably confined within the base I8 and is providedwith an integral central boss 48 having a bore with which the" motionconverting element 24 coacts, and with four smaller integral bosses 48to each of which a combined shoe 88 is iirmly attached by means of a capscrew 8|, see Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5 and '1. The motion converting element 24is freely rotatable within the bore of the boss 48, and has an enlargedmedial flange 82 coacting with the top of the plate 23 and movable alonga slot 83 formed in the body I8, while its upper portion is providedwith an integral cylindrical projection 84 upon which the tapered roller28 is freely rotatable. The roller 25 constantly engages the taperedinclined groove 4I of the rotary driven member 22, and coacts with abearing plate 88 embracing the projection 54 and engaging the flange 82.In order to reduce friction losses to a minimum, an anti-friction orball bearing 25 may be substituted for the plate 88 and interposedbetween the tapered roller 25 and its supporting projection 84 as shownin Fig. 9; and anti-friction bearing balls 88 may also be providedbetween the upper end heads of the four screws 8l and special sockets'5I' secured to the body I8 as illustrated in Fig. 10.

The base I5 which is firmly secured tothe body I8 by the screws Hand issealed at its top by the gasket I8, is also provided with a guidingrecess within' which the plate 23 is reciprocable and with four throughopenings 81 into which the bosses 48 of the plate 23 project, l

vand a flexible cup-shaped seal 88, preferably formed of soft rubber, isinterposed between each opening 81 and the adjacent boss 48 as clearlyshown in Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5 and fl.. These cupshaped seals 88 have theirperipheral rims firmly secured within the xed base openings 81, whiletheir inner tubular portions are likewise firmly secured to the bosses48 by the retainers 88 .and cap screws 5I associated with thereciprocable plate 23, thus providing a positive seal for the body boreII and for the interior of the base I8 while permitting freereciprocation of the plate 23 relative to the body and base. Eachdriving plug or retainer 88 may also be provided with a medial stopflange cess 88 adjoining the flange 88 for facilitating attachment ofthe sanding assemblage thereto.`

The improved sanding assemblage comprises the shoe I8 consisting of are-enforced metal sled 8l, a bre base board 82 coacting with the sled8l, and a felt pad 83 board 82 as depicted in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 6 and '1.The sled 8| is provided with four sockets 84 which are adapted for snugreception of the lower ends of the retainers 88, and a pair of latchlevers 88 are swingably supported upon the sled 8| by means of pivots 88and are provided with resilient peripheral wedge wings 81 adapted toengage the recesses 88 of the adjacent retainers 88 as clearly shown inFigs. 6, A'l and 8. The

88 and with an annular re-l I 6 f with adjusting slots 13, and theseeccentric portions 12 snugly engage the sled bearings 'I8 while thecylindrical intervening portions of the tubes 1I are adapted to firmlyclamp the opposite ends of a sheet of sand paper I8l or the like,against the rounded ends of the sled 8| and in stretched conditionacross the pad 83, when the tubes 1I are properly rotated with the aidof a screw driver or similar implement. The sled 8i may also be providedwith depending side walls as shown in Fig. 7 for the purpose ofretaining the board 82 and pad 83 in proper position beneath the sandpaper I8.

During normal use of the improved sanding unit, the improved sandingshoe assemblage I8 should be applied to the retainers 88 and lockedthereto with the aid of the latch levers 88 by causing the wings 81 ofthese levers to coact with the recesses 88 of the four retainers, asshown at the right of Fig. 6 and in Fig. '1. A sheet of sand paper I8 orthe like. should then be stretched taut across the felt pad 83 and theopposite ends of the sheet I8 should then be inserted between theclamping tubes 1I and the upper end portions of the sled 8l. Bysubsequently rotating the tubes 1I with the aid of a screw driver or thelike applied to the slots 13 of the eccentrics 12, the ends of the sandpaper I8 may be firmly lclamped to the sled while at the same timefurther stretching the sheet into snug engagement with the soft pad 83,thereby providing an eiective sanding or working surface. The chamberswithin which the plate 23, element 24, roller 28,' and driven member 22are confined should be provided with proper lubricant which will besealed within these chambers by the gasket I8, packing 48, and seals 88,whereupon power may be applied from any suitable source to constantlyrotate the flexible drive shaft 28 and the driving member 2I.

In order to thereafter operate the sander, it is yonly necessary toforce the bearing sleeve 21 inwardly so as to cause the drivingprojection 34 to enter the socket 31 of the driven member 22 and to alsocause the outermost latch v28 to. en'- gage the outer recess 3 8 of thesleeve 21. Rotary motion will then be transmitted directly from therotary driving member` 2l rto the rotary driven member 22 confinedwithin the body bore II, and as the member 22 rotates, the inclinedperipheral groove 4I willcoact with the roller 28 to cause the element24 upon which the roller is supported, to reciprocate the plate 23within its coacting with the levers 85 are adapted to coact with specialVfricconfines in the base I8. This, reciprocation of the plate 23 isltransmitted through the bosses 48, seals 51,cap screws 8l, and retainers58 to the sled 8| of the shoe assembly I8, thus causing the sandpaper I8which is carried by the shoe I8 to likewise reciprocate. The abrasiveface of the sandpaper I8 may then be applied to the work by manipulatingthe unit with the aid of the handle I4; Yand the annular recess 38 withwhich the latch 28 coacts will permit the unit to be rotated about thebearing sleeve 21, while the ilexible drive shaft 28 and casing 32 willalso permit the unit to be moved about freely in any direction. Therotary motion of the drive shaft 28 and member 2l are thus effectivelyconverted into reciprocatory movement of the sanding shoe, and thefexible cup-shaped seals 88 thoroughly protect the motion convertingparts of the mechanism against dust and grit without interfering orobstructing the motion transfer.

In order to stop the reciprocation of the shoe assemblage I8, it is onlynecessary to release the 78 latch 28 whereupon the compression spring 41a-teaaai and plunger 46 will immediately become eiective to force thedriving projection 34 out of the socket 31, thus interrupting thedriving connection. 'I'he latch 28 will then snap into the inner recess3l of the sleeve 21, thereby preventing this sleeve from being forcedout of the closure plug 26. but if it becomes desirable to remove thesanding unit from the bearing sleeve 21, both latches 28, 28 may bereleased whereupon the sleeve 2l may be freely withdrawn from within theplug 26. When the sleeve 21 is thus removed from the sanding' unit, thepacking 45 will still maintain a seal for preventing escape oflubricant, and if it becomes desirable to remove the plug 26 and otherinternal parts of the unit, it is only necessary to remove the bushings43, 42 with the aid of a spanner wrench. The sanding shoe assembly I8may obviously be removed from the motion transmitting mechanism of theunit by merely releasing the lever 65 as shown at the left of Fig. 6,whereupon the sled 6I may be freely withdrawn from the retainers 50. Itis also to be noted that the levers 65 are irictionally held in latchingposition by the holding screws 68 of the sled 6l, thus preventingpossible accidental release of the sled from the power transmittingmechanism during normal use of the improved assemblage.

From the foregoing detailed description it will be apparent that ourpresent invention provides an improved portable sanding unit whichbesides being extremely simple, compact and eiiicient, is readilymanipulable in any desired position and in corners and other crampedlocalities. All of the internal movable parts and bearings of theimproved unit, are thoroughly concealed and protectedlagainst possibleentry of dust and grit, while still being readily accessible forinspection with the aid of ordinary tools. The improved reciprocatingsander shoe assembly I8 may be quickly and conveniently applied to orremoved from the motion transmitting mechanism, and the abrasive sheetor sandpaper I9 may be quickly and conveniently replaced withoutremoving the shoe assembly from the unit. The tubes 1I with theireccentrics I2 provide simple and compact means for stretching thesandpaper I9 against the resilient pad 63, and this pad 63 provides acushion for the working stretch of the sandpaper IS. The improvedsanding unit may be operated at high or low speeds, and has actuallybeen successfully operated at driving shaft speeds of three thousandrevolutions per minute, and the latches 28, 2! cooperating with thespring 41 and plugs 21, provide simple means for applying and forinterrupting the power, while also permitting convenient removal of thesandingmunit Afrom its driving source. Any suitable type ot rotary motormay be utilized for propelling the unit, and the motor may either bedisposed remotely from the unit or applied directly to the drivingmember 81 thereof. The invention hasin fact proven highly satisfactoryand successful in actual use. and is operable without. subjecting theoperator to undesirable and annoying vibrations, while also beingadapted to be manufactured and sold at moderate cost for diverse uses.

The specific formation of the motion transmitting plate 23 and of theseals 58 cooperating therewith, are important features of the presentimprovement, since these parts cooperate to effectively guide andreciprocate the shoe assemblage I8 while positively preventingi'oreign'matter such as grit or dust from reaching the motion convertingelements. The plate 28 is snugly but slidably confined within theguiding recess formed in the upper portion of the base I5 and has themotion converting element 24 pivotally mounted upon its central portion,and the four flexible cup-shaped seals 58 coact withthe depending platebosses 49 and with the openings 51 in the base I5 to constantly concealthe plate 23 within the base recess while still permitting free and,unrestrained reciprocation of the plate 23. Since the four bosses 49 arelocated remote from the central driving element 24 and coact with theshoe assemblage I8 near the four corners thereof, this assemblage iseiectively conned to reciprocating movement during normal operation. andthe location and formation of the four corner seal retainers 50 makes itpossible to efiect attachment and removal oi the sled 6I with the aid ofonly two latch levers 85.

It should be understood that it is not desired to limit this inventionto the exact details of construction or to the precise mode of use,herein `shown and described, for various modications within the scope ofthe appended claims may occur to persons skilled in the art; and it iscontemplated that specific terms such as Sanden base, plate, shoe, body,and the like, be

given the broadest possible interpretation consistent with the priorart.

We claim:

1. A portable sander comprising, a body having a recessed base, anelongated plate slidably confined within the recess of said base andhaving two pairs of laterally spaced rigid protrusions extending throughparallel openings in the base, means within said body for reciprocatingsaid plate, a-sander shoe reciprocable by said plate externally of saidbase, and a flexible seal interposed between each of'said plateprotrusions and the adjacent base opening.

2. A portable sander comprising, a body having a recessed base, anelongated plate slidably coniined within the recess of said base andhaving two pairs of laterally spaced rigid protrusions extending throughparallel corner openings in the base, means within said body forreciprocating said plate, a sander shoe reciprocable by said plateexternally of said base, a single latch lever for detachably connectingeach pair of said plate protrusions to said shoe, and a exible cupshapedseal interposed between each of said protrusions and the adjacent bodyopening.

3. A portable sandercomprising, a body having a base, an approximatelyrectangular plate slidably coniined within said base, means within saidbody for reciprocating said plate, a ilexible seal interposed betweensaid base and said plate 'near each of the four corners of said plate,an approximately rectangular sander shoe reciprocable externally of saidbase, a retainer for each of said seals reciprocable by said plate,and-means for detachably attaching said shoe to all of said retainers.

4. A portable sander comprising, a body having a base, an approximatelyrectangular plate slidably confined within said base, means within saidbody for reciprocating said plate, a flexible seal interposed betweensaid base and said-plate near each of the four corners of said plate, anapproximately rectangular sander shoe reciprocable externally of saidbase, a retainer for each of said sealsv reciprocable by said plate, anda pair of latch levers carried by said shoe and coacting with saidretainers to attach said shoe to said plate, each of said leverscooperating with several of said retainers.

9 5. A portable sander comprising, a body having a base, an elongatedplate slidably confined within said base, means within said body forreciprocating said plate, a ilexible cup-shaped seal interposed betweensaid base and said plate neai` each of the four corners of said plate,an elongated sander shoe reciprocable externally of said base,

- interposed between said base and said plate near each of the fourcorners of said plate, an elongated sander shoe reciprocable externallyof said base, a retainer for each of said seals reciprocable by saidplate, a driving connection between said plate and shoe piercing each ofsaid seals, and a pair of latch levers carried by said shoe and coactingwith said retainers to attach said shoe to said plate, each of saidlevers cooperating with several of said retainers.

7. A portable sander comprising, a base having corner openings, anelongated plate slidable on one side of said base, means forreciprocating said plate, a flexible seal confined within each ofsaid,corner openings, an elongated sander lslice reciprocable along theother side of said base, a driving connection interposed between saidplate and shoe at each corner of said base and piercing the adjacentseal, retainers for said seals, and means for detachably attaching saidshoe to all of said retainers.

8. A portable sander comprising, a base having corner openings, a platereciprocable along one side of said base, means carried by said base forreciprocating said plate, a sander shoe reciprocable along the otherside of said plate, parallel driving elements projecting laterally fromthe corners of said plate through said base openings and drivinglyengaging the corresponding corners of said shoe, a cup-shaped sealinterposed between each of said connections and the adjacent baseopening, and means for detachably attaching said shoe to all of saidconnections.

9. A portable sander comprising, a body Vhaving an approximatelyrectangularbase provided with corner openings, a cup-shaped sealconfined within each of said openings. each of said seals having anouter tubular Wall snugly fitting the adjacent base opening and an innertubular wall connected to its outer wall by a exible diaphragm, a plateslidably conned within said base, means within said body forreciprocating said plate, a sandershoe reciprocable externally of saidbase, and a driving connection between said plate and said shoe piercingeach of said seals and snugly engaging the inner wall of the adjacentseal.

10. A portable sander comprising, a body havlng an approximatelyrectangular base provided 55 Number with corner openings, a cup-shapedseal confined within each of said openings, each of said seals having anouter tubular wall snugly tting the adjacent base opening and an innertubular 5 wall connected to its outer wall by a flexible diaphragm, aplate slidably confined within said base, means within said body forreciprocating said plate, a sander shoe reciprocable externally of saidbase, a driving connection between said i0 plate and said shoe piercingeach of said seals and snugly engaging the inner wall of the adjacentseal, and means for detachably attaching said shoe to said drivingconnections Afrom the exterior of said body.

11. A portable sander comprising, a hollow body having a polygonal baseprovided with corner openings, a cup-shaped seal confined Within each ofsaid openings, each of said seals having an outer tubular wall snuglytting the adjacent base opening and a coaxial inner tubular wallintegrally united with its outer wall by a flexible bottom, a platereciprocable in said body at one side of said base, means forreciprocating said plate, a sander shoe reciprocable externally ol said,body at the other side 0i' said base, and a driving element connectingsaid plate and said snoe thro ugh each of said openings and snuglyengaging the inner tubular wall of the adjacent seal.

.a 12. A portable sander comprising. a hollow body having a polygonalbase provided with corner openings, a cup-shaped seal conned within eachoisaid openings, each of said seals having an outer tubular wall snuglytting the l vadjacent base opening and a coaxial inner tubular wallintegrally united with its outer Wall by a exible bottom, a platereciprocable in said body at one side of said base, means forreciprocating said plate, a sander shoe reciprocable externally of saidbody at the other side of said base, a driving element connecting saidplate and said shoe through each of said openings and snugly engagingthe inner tubular wall of the adjacent seal, and means for detachablyattaching said 5 shoe to said driving elements from the exterior of saidbody.

SIEGMUND MANDL. EDWARD M. PFAUSER.

so REFERENCES CITED The following references'are of record inthe le ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Name Date 1,761,059 Norman et al.v June 3, 19301,818,361 Schwabe Aug. 11, 1931 2,123,426 Kohle July 12, 1938 2,193,419George Mar. 12, 1940 2,204,486 George June 11, 1940 2,395,537 CrosbyFeb. 26, 1946 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 05 614,838 France Nav.29. icao

